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research in the Gulf of Maine with more tools and fresh perspectives offered by Nina Whitney and the team,” says Wanamaker. “It was very satisfying revisiting my Ph.D. “The findings are important because we reveal when the recent warming in the Gulf of Maine began and provide the likely causes of the warming,” says Alan Wanamaker, paper co-author and professor in the Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences at Iowa State University. Such long-term context is important for adapting regional fisheries and managing natural resources in vulnerable marine ecosystems in a warming climate,” says Ummenhofer. We find that the rate of warming since the early 20 th century in the Gulf of Maine stands out in the context of the last 1000 years, and reverses a long-term multi-century cooling trend that occurred up to the late 1800s. The use of a state-of-the-art set of climate model simulations allows us to distinguish ocean temperature trends due to internal climate dynamics from those due to anthropogenic influences. “Our new study combines paleo proxy evidence from bivalves with climate models to put this rapid Gulf of Maine warming into a long-term context. This has extensive consequences for the region's ecosystems and fisheries, and thus for the local economy,” says paper co-author Caroline Ummenhofer, associate scientist in WHOI’s Physical Oceanography Department. “The observed rate of warming in the Gulf of Maine over the last century has outpaced average global ocean warming. Researchers put the geochemical results into a broader temporal and spatial context by analyzing fully-coupled climate model simulations from the Community Earth System Model-Last Millennium Ensemble. Oxygen isotopes served as a proxy for seawater temperature and salinity nitrogen and radiocarbon isotopes were proxies for water mass source. The chemical signatures from the shells provided researchers with a multi-proxy approach to study changes in ocean conditions. The ocean quahogs, which can live up to about 500 years and grow their shells in annual increments somewhat analogous to tree rings, were absolutely dated by the researchers and served as good recorders of ocean conditions, according to Whitney. Scientists reconstructed 300 years of hydrographic variability in the Gulf of Maine by discerning geochemical records of oxygen, nitrogen, and previously published radiocarbon isotopes from Arctica islandica (ocean quahog) shells from the Gulf of Maine. The pathways and the strengths of different ocean currents bringing water into the Gulf of Maine have changed as the region has warmed,” Whitney says.
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“Both the clams and the climate model simulations suggest that greenhouse gas forcings are not only likely causing surface temperature changes affecting the Gulf of Maine, but also causing changes in ocean circulation. at Iowa State University, where the research presented in this paper began. a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellow in the Physical Oceanography department at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and earned her Ph.D. “What this paper shows – both from the clams and also from the climate model simulations – is that in the late 1800s there were some pretty dramatic changes and the Gulf of Maine began to warm, reversing 900 years of cooling that had been primarily driven by volcanos,” said Nina Whitney, lead author of the paper. “Given future projections of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and strength, this warming trend in the Gulf of Maine is likely to continue, leading to continued and potentially worsening ecologically and economically devastating temperature increases in the region in the future,” the paper states. The warming is “likely due to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and changes in western North Atlantic circulation,” according to the paper, “ Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine,” published in Communications Earth & Environment , an open access journal from Nature Portfolio.
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Newswise - Woods Hole, MA (August 8, 2022) - Rapid 20 th century warming in the Gulf of Maine has reversed long-term cooling that occurred there during the previous 900 years, according to new research that combines an examination of shells from long-lived ocean quahogs and climate model simulations. News Research News Releases Journal News Medical News Science News Life News Business News Expert Pitch Google Fact Check Research Alert Marketplace News With Video/Audio Multimedia RSS Feeds by Latest News Coronavirus News Currently Embargoed